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Vocational and General students’ Use of English in and out of school (VOGUE)

VOGUE was a research project that followed secondary students over time to investigate their use of English in and out of school - specifically for online gaming, surfing the internet and social media use. Research ethics (GDPR) was also a particular focus, as student data were collected both in school and in the home. VOGUE film: "my GDPR moment".

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Photo: Colourbox

About the project

VOGUE combines large-scale data with case study data among students and teachers in secondary school, aiming to understand why some students read markedly better in English than in Norwegian, and how different languages are used in and outside of school. It relies on quantitative and qualitative data from students and teachers at more than 90 upper secondary schools across Norway. 

Research ethics is also a particular focus, as student data are collected both in school and in the home, in line with the General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR). Watch these videos, where MA students talk about "my GDPR moment".

What kind of data are used in the VOGUE project?

  • 2020-24: Case study data among students and teachers in lower and upper secondary school, years 8 and 11 (mixed methods: video recorded classroom observation of gaming in school incl. student screen recording, student survey, student language logs, and student and teacher interviews). Publications: Ahmadian & Brevik (2024); Ahmadian, Brevik & Öhrn (2024). PhD thesis: Shilan Ahmadian (2025).
  • 2019-20: Case study data among students and teachers in vocational study programs, years 11 and 12 (mixed methods: video recorded classroom observation, student screen recordings in the classroom and in the home, student survey and language logs, student reading test results in Norwegian and English, student grades in Norwegian and English, student and teacher interviews, teacher survey). Publications: Brevik (2023), Brevik & Buchholtz (2022); Brevik & Holm (2022); Beiler, Brevik & Christiansen (2021); Brevik & Mathé (2021). MA theses: Torheim (2022), Abelvik (2021); Holm (2020); Masvie (2020).
  • 2015-17: Case study data among students and teachers in four upper secondary schools across three Norwegian counties, in vocational and general study programmes, years 11 and 12 (mixed methods: audio recorded classroom observation, student language logs, student and teacher interviews). Publications: Brevik (2016, 2019, 2022). MA theses: Ahmadian (2018); Garvoll (2017), Sagli (2017).
  • 2012-13: Large-scale data among students in 90 upper secondary schools across Norway collected is included in the project. The data were collected in vocational and general study programs, years 11 and 12, in 2012-13 (quantitative: survey data linked to national test results in English and Norwegian). Publications: Brevik (2022); Brevik & Hellekjær (2018). MA theses: Isaksen (2018); Pentrella (2017). 

Funding

The VOGUE project was initiated in 2015. It is positioned at the Department of Teacher Education and School Research (ILS) at the University of Oslo. The Research Council of Norway (NRC) is funding a public sector PhD candidate for the VOGUE project (2020-24).

Master students in the VOGUE project

Several Master's (MA) students have written their MA theses related to the VOGUE project. They have played a crucial role in gathering and analysing data among adolescents in and out of school. In the following videos, they talk about their MA projects and their GDPR moments - explaining how they learnt to secure participants' privacy in line with the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

My research project

In this video, four MA students present their MA projects concerning adolescents' use of English in and outside school: Shilan Ahmadian (2018), Katharina Køber Garvoll (2017), Anja Ramfjord Isaksen (2018), and Sturla Sagli (2017). The links are to their MA theses, which are  available to everyone as open access publications.

My GDPR moment

In the videos below, nine MA students talk about their GDPR moment - their first hand experiences with how to protect the privacy of teachers and students who participated in the VOGUE research project, in line with the new GDPR requirements. We present these GDPR moments as five steps that were followed before, during and after data collection.

STEP 1 - GDPR Awareness

In the first video, visiting MA student Julia Reich from Germany talks about the importance of teaching students how to prevent research data from falling into the wrong hands.

(Video production: Larissa Lily/Magnus Heie, ILS)

STEP 2 - Planning Data Collection

Here, MA students Anna Verånica Andreassen and Kjersti Øvereng emphasise how they carefully planned how to transfer audio recordings from interviews thorough a secure dictaphone app developed by the University of Oslo. More information about the app here.

(Video production: Larissa Lily/Magnus Heie, ILS)

STEP 3 - Before, During and After Data Collection

In this video, MA students Julie Darras and Sindre Andre Abelvik explain how they secured data protection by following strict routines before, during and after recording English lessons at school, and online gaming sessions in students' homes.

(Video production: Larissa Lily/Magnus Heie, ILS)

STEP 4 - Transportation of Data

Here, MA students Kristine Masvie and Vilde Haug Almestad adress the precautions they took to secure participants' privacy when travelling with encrypted data between the research site and the Teaching Learning Video Lab at ILS, for final storage.

(Video production: Larissa Lily/Magnus Heie, ILS)

STEP 5 - Anonymising the Data

In this video, MA students Thea Holm and Ingrid Handeland explain how they secured participants' anonymity after data collection by replacing names with codes across a range of data sources as a final step in the data storage procedure.

(Video production: Larissa Lily/Magnus Heie, ILS)

Publications and articles

Scientific publications

Ahmadian, S., & Brevik, L. M. (2024). This Land Is My Land: Teachers’ integration of game and novel in English instruction. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.13012

Ahmadian, S., Brevik, L. M., & Öhrn, E. (2024). Adventures with Anxiety: Gender bias in gameplay in vocational English classes. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.13006

Brevik, L. M. (2023). Game-based mixed methods research integrations. In C. Poth (Ed.), SAGE Handbook of Mixed Methods Research Designs. Sage.

Brevik, L. M., & Buchholtz, N. F. (2023). The use of mixed methods to study language learning beyond the classroom. In H. Reinders, C. Lai, & P. Sundqvist (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Language Learning and Teaching Beyond the Classroom(ch. 24) Routledge.

Brevik, L. M. (2022). The emergent multiphase design: Demonstrating a fully integrated approach in the context of language research in education. In J. Hitchcock, & A. Onwugbuzie. (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook for Advancing Integration in Mixed Methods Research (ch. 13). Routledge.

Beiler, I. R., Brevik, L. M., & Christensen, T. (2021). Skjermopptak som forskningsmetode i og utenfor klasserommet. I E. Andersson-Bakken. & C. Dalland (Eds.), Metoder i klasseromsforskning: Forskningsdesign, datainnsamling og analyse (pp. 239-260). Universitetsforlaget.

Brevik, L. M. & Mathé, N. E. H. (2021). Mixed methods forskningsdesign. I E. Andersson-Bakken. & C. Dalland (red.), Metoder i klasseromsforskning: Forskningsdesign, datainnsamling og analyse (kap. 2, s. 47-70). Universitetsforlaget.

Brevik, L. M., Ahmadian, S., & Garvoll, K. K. (2020). English use outside of school: Gamers, Surfers and Social Media Users, In L. M. Brevik & U. Rindal (eds.),  Teaching English in Norwegian classrooms: From research to practice (ch. 8, pp. 190-216). Universitetsforlaget.

Brevik, L. M. (2019). Gamers, surfers, social media users: Unpacking the role of interest in English. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. doi: 10.1111/jcal.12362

Brevik, L.M. & Hellekjær, G.O. (2018). Outliers: Upper Secondary School Students Who Read Better in the L2 than in L1. International Journal of Educational Research, 89, 80–91. Published online 2017. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2017.10.001

Brevik, L.M. (2016). The Gaming Outliers: Does out-of-school gaming improve boys’ reading skills in English as a second language? In Elstad, E. (Ed.). Educational technology and Polycontextual bridging (pp. 39-61). Sense Publishers. ResearchGate

Popular scientific presentations and publications

Ahmadian, S. (2024). Skolens tilstand: Hva skjer i norske klasserom? Scene Domus Bibliotheca, 31. januar 2024.

Brevik, L. M. & Ahmadian, S. (2022). Gamere gjør det ikke dårligere på skolen. Kronikk, VG, 17. august 2022. 

Ahmadian, S., Brevik, L. M., & Sundqvist, P. (2019). Jenter på yrkesfag: De akademiske stemmene i engelsktimene. Bedre Skole, 3, 82-87.

Brevik, L. M. & Garvoll, K. K. (2019). Engelsk og onlinespill. Bedre Skole, 2, 67-71.

Skarpaas, K.G.  & Brevik, L.M. (2018). Relevans som forutsetning for god yrkesretting i engelskfaget. Bedre Skole, 4, 74-79.

Brevik, L.M. (2016).  Tre myter om engelsk på yrkesfag. Betydningen av å se elevenes helhetlige kompetanse. Bedre Skole, 2, 82-88.

Brevik, L.M. & Skarpaas, K.G. (2016). Digitale ferdigheter i engelsk: Forskning og praksiseksempler fra seks klasserom. Bedre Skole, 3, 64-69.

Conference presentations

Brevik, L. M. & Ahmadian, S. (2024, May). Teachers’ integration of game and novel in English instruction: A video-observation study. Paper at the RidEL 2024 conference, Bodø, Norway.

Ahmadian, S. (2023, July). Classroom integration of Game-based L2 English learning in Norwegian lower secondary school. Paper at the AILA 2023 world congress, Lyon, France.

Ahmadian, S. (2023, July). Commercial video game as social interaction in L2 English learning in Norwegian secondary school. How boys and girls perceive the combination of gameplay and reading. Paper at the AILA world congress, Lyon, France.

Ahmadian, S. (2023, July). Game-based L2 English learning in Norwegian secondary school. How students in gender defined classrooms were included in classroom activities through the use of a commercial game. Paper at the AILA world congress, Lyon, France.

Ahmadian, S. & Brevik, L. M. (2022, June). Benefits and challenges in operationalizing the PLATO element “Use of Authentic Texts in Instruction” in English lessons covering both printed novels and multimodal games. QUINT PhD Summer Institute & Conference, Akureyri, Iceland.

Kure, A. E. & Ahmadian, S. (2022, June). Digital skills critical for education: Video analysis of students’ use of technology in English secondary classrooms in Norway. NERA 2022 conference, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Kure, A. E., Ahmadian, S. & Brevik, L. M. (2022, May). Time, narrative and technology in English classrooms in Norway. Panel at the NEAS2022 conference, Stockholm, Sweden.

Brevik, L. M. (2019, April). The role of interest in English language learning. Paper at the AAAL conference, Atlanta, USA.

Brevik, L. M. (2018, August). The Mixed Methods Emergent Multiphase Design; about the research design for the VOGUE project. Presentation at the MMIRA global conference, Vienna, Austria.  

Brevik, L. M. (2018, April). The Emergent Multiphase Design: Using mixed methods research to consider the status of English; about the research design for the VOGUE project. Presentation at the AERA conference, New York, USA.  

Brevik, L. M. (2016, May). How can we educate future English teachers for developing reading proficiency among students in general and vocational studies? Symposium at NAES conference, Kristinsand, Norway.

Invited talks

Brevik, L.M. (2020). Gutter, gaming og lesing.

Brevik, L.M. (2019). Gamers, Surfers and Social Media Users. The role of interest in English language learning and teaching.

Brevik, L.M. (2019). Gutter, gaming og lesing.

Brevik, L.M. (2018, October). How teachers teach and readers read: Developing reading comprehension in English in Norwegian upper secondary school. Invited speaker for the annual Washington University Foreign Language Learning Colloquium Speaker Series, Washington University in St Louis, USA

Brevik, L.M. (2018, April). Gamers, surfers and social media users: The role of interest to prevent dropout. Keynote presented at the COURAGE Conference (Erasmus+ project, EU programme for education, training, youth and sport), Ennis, Ireland.

Brevik, L. M. (2018, February). Digital Technologies: The Lives and Learning of Young People New Research Developments with English L2 Readers. Invited open lecture at Kellogg College, Oxford University, UK. 

Brevik, L. M. (2017, December). Med yrkesfageleven i sentrum. FYR national conference, Gardermoen, Norway.

Brevik, L. M. (2017, March). Tre myter om elever på yrkesfag. Betydningen av å se elevenes helhetlige kompetanse. FYR regional conference, Bergen, Norway.

Brevik, L. M. (2016, May). Online gaming and English skills in Norway. Reykholt, Iceland. 

In the media

Dataspel er ei engelskspråklig verd
22.5.2020: Dag og Tid

Ungdom som spiller dataspill, surfer på nettet og bruker sosiale medier leser engelsk bedre enn norsk
21.3.2019: Forskning.no
21.3.2019: Forskningsnytt, Universitetet i Oslo
15.3.2019: NRK Nyhetsmorgen (01:50:00-01:54:30)
06.3.2019: Lektorprogrammet UiO
10.2.2019: NRK Språkteigen
08.2.2019: NRK P1 Sørlandet
08.2.2019: NRK P1 Telemark

Guttene tar igjen jentene i engelsk lesing
09.12.2016: Aftenposten.no
17.12.2016: Forskning.no
19.12.2016: Forskningsaktuelt, Universitetet i Oslo
10.1.2017: NRK P1 Telemark
10.1.2017: NRK.no Telemark

Dataspillere er gode i engelsk
29.1.2016: P2 Nyhetsmorgen (0:29:00-0:35:12)
29.1.2016: NRK Nyheter (09:20-11:10)
29.1.2016: NRK.no 
29.1.2016: Forskningsaktuelt, Universitetet i Oslo
02.2.2016: Forskning.no
25.2.2016: Barnevakten.no
02.3.2016: Fritt Ord (paneldebatt del 1 og del 2)

Published Feb. 1, 2017 2:08 PM - Last modified Nov. 2, 2026 10:56 AM

Contact

Lisbeth M Brevik
Project leader

Co-researchers

Fredrik Torheim (2025)
Sindre Abelvik (2021)
Vilde Almestrand (2021)
Julie Darras (2021)
Thea Holm (2020)
Kristine N Masvie (2020)
Shilan Ahmadian (2018)
Anja Isaksen (2018)
Katharina Garvoll (2017)
Sturla Sagli (2017)
Martina Pentrella, NTNU (2017)

Participants

Detailed list of participants